Leads a sheltered life. Other than seeing the occasional pierced ear and having a merchant seaman uncle with a few tattoos, the concept of body piercing or tattooing as 'body art' is alien. A visit to Oxford's Pitt-Rivers museum reminds one that other cultures at other times have used body art extensively. Readers obviously are not so sheltered, and have asked for the evidence about body art and health.
Prevalence of body piercing Literature searches found a single study [1], examining body piercing and tattooing in undergraduates at an American university. A single-page questionnaire was refined through a pilot study, and then offered on a voluntary and anonymous basis to students over four months early in 2001. It asked about age and sex, and about body piercing and tattooing at various body sites, as well as about any complications associated with them. Women were specifically asked not to include pierced earlobes.
There were 454 completed questionnaires (218 men, 236 women), about 15% of the total undergraduate population. Their average age was 21 years.
Pdf) Prevalence And Characteristics Of Body Piercing And Tattooing Among High School Students
Body piercing This was present in 42% of men and 60% of women undergraduates, with 315 piercings in 229 students, with a maximum of five piercings.
In men 31% had pierced ears, with tongue, eyebrow, nipple, genitals and navel in 2% or fewer for each. Additionally 7% had had ear piercings removed, and tongue, nipple and navel piercings had been removed in 2% or fewer.
In women 29% had pierced navels, 27% had pierced ears (excluding pierced earlobes), 12% pierced tongue, and 5% pierced nipple, with genitals, nose or lip in 2% or fewer. Additionally 4% had had tongue piercings removed, 3% had navel piercings removed, and ear, eyebrow, nose, lip, nipple and genital piercings had been removed in 2% or fewer.
Tattoo Popularity Among Uk Population By Age 2015
Complications were reported in 17% of piercings, the most common being bacterial infections, bleeding and local trauma (Figure 1). No cases of viral infection were reported. Tongue piercing was associated with subsequent oral or dental injury in 10%.
Tattooing Tattoos were present in 22% of men and 26% of women undergraduates with one to three sites per individual. Common sites for men were hand or arm, backs and shoulders, and for women back. No complications were noted.
Viral infections and body piercing One descriptive review [2] has looked at this. It may be a systematic review, but it does not give a search strategy. It included 12 studies published up to 1997 mostly conducted to identify risk factors for viral hepatitis. Three studies were in the USA, four in Italy (by the same investigator) and the remainder in Taiwan, Korea, Thailand and Africa. The size varied from about 110 to over 13, 000 subjects.
Schoolgirls Risk Hepatitis And Hiv In Viral Tiktok Piercing Trend, Experts Warn
Nine of the studies, including all the US and Italian studies, and all the largest studies, found body piercing to be a risk factor. The three that did not were all small (fewer than 323 subjects) studies from Taiwan or Korea.
A more recent study has examined risk factors for acquisition of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States [3]. Consecutive chronically infected HCV patients eligible for a clinical trial were recruited, with HBV and HIV as specific exclusions, as was advanced liver disease. A detailed questionnaire about risk factors was completed during an interview with a single investigator.
There were 148 patients (88 men, 60 women) aged 18 to 72 years (mean 45 years). Only 5% had no known risk factor, and the most common known risk factors were injected drug use, sharing razors and toothbrushes, body piercing, being a recipient of blood products, sexual exposure and occupational exposure to blood in 48% to 32% of cases. Tattooing was associated with 17% of cases. Exposure to risk factors differed greatly between men and women, with 92% of women having body piercing (Figure 2). Most cases had more than one risk factor, but in 3 of 23 cases with a single risk factor it was body piercing.
A Guide To Oral Piercings
Comment Body piercing is common, and while the only solid evidence we have is that half the undergraduates at a single US university have body piercings, a few hours watching popular television programmes tells us that this is unlikely to be atypical. Adverse happenings with body piercing are also common, affecting about one in five of them. One in ten led to a bacterial infection.
We do not know how many will contract a serious viral infection from body piercing or tattooing. We know that there will be an increased risk. In the meantime, people considering body piercing should be aware that it is more than just a bit of fun. The industry should be careful regulated, single use sterile devices should be mandatory, and HBV vaccination for operators would be a very good idea. In the meantime, a significant public health problem may be silently building up.What a year. Before the pandemic began our Philadelphia studio was the busiest it has ever been. We had recently expanded our staff to five full-time piercers plus one part-time position, and were working toward opening a second location in Baltimore—Infinite’s first expansion in its entire 25-year history. Then COVID-19 happened and the whole world pressed pause. We had no idea what to expect with opening our new studio in Baltimore, and the pandemic added a whole new level of uncertainty for both of our locations, and for everyone. A lot has happened since this time last year, and as we try to make sense of everything we went back to crunch some numbers to see just how the pandemic has changed things for us over the past year. Looking back, here are Infinite Body Piercing’s 2020 piercing statistics.
A little bit about the timeline for 2020: Before everything came to a halt the Philadelphia studio was open for a total of 75 days, or about ten and a half weeks. On March 16, we made the decision to close our doors just hours before the City of Philadelphia ordered a closure of all non-essential businesses. The shutdown lasted 102 days, from March 16 until June 25. On June 26, we reopened our doors in Philadelphia, and just under one month later, on July 24, we were finally able to open our doors to clients for the very first time at our new studio in Baltimore. Following the shutdown, we were open for business in one or both locations for a total of 189 days, or 27 weeks.
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With the 102 days that we were closed due to the shutdown, we are left with a total of 264 days open, not factoring in the occasional holiday closure—and adding an extra day for leap year. In 2020 we performed 9, 231 piercings and 4, 464 jewelry insertions. This means we performed an average of 35 piercings per day plus 17 jewelry changes. We pulled these numbers directly from our point-of-sale (POS) system, which documents every push of a needle, and almost every non-piercing interaction we have. The total number of jewelry insertions gives us a good idea of how many clients came in for jewelry changes, but it does not count each individual jewelry change, and it also doesn’t include those clients who don’t end up having anything rung up through the register. Some clients come in with their own jewelry or just need help taking jewelry out. Others have multiple piercings changed out which is only recorded as a single “jewelry insertion” in our system.
The biggest change in how we operated after the pandemic (besides the additional protective barriers and thorough COVID protocol) was the switch from walk-ins to appointments. Like all other businesses offering personal services, we were required to operate by appointment-only and at a limited capacity. We have operated as a walk-in only studio for over twenty-five years, and with making the switch we had absolutely no idea what to expect.
We ultimately limited the number of clients in the studio to six per hour in Philly, which was a huge difference from what things looked like just before the pandemic. Pre-COVID, it was not uncommon to walk by our studio and see several dozen people waiting in our lobby and spilling out onto the sidewalk—all this in a studio that is under 1000 square feet with only three piercing rooms. While we don’t have exact figures for how many clients we help each day, based on the number of transactions in our POS system, it is estimated that prior to the shutdown we helped an average of 65.2 people per day at the Philadelphia location, including services and basic sales. After the shutdown, with capacity restrictions plus the addition of the Baltimore studio, the average number of clients seen each day was 38.8. While this number is significantly less than what we were used to, we continue to be pleasantly surprised by (and immensely grateful to) every client who has come in to see us since the shutdown—and followed all of our COVID-19 guidelines helping to keep us and you safe.
Pdf) Trends And Complications Of Ear Piercing Among Selected Nigerian Population
Being closed for over a quarter of the year definitely affected our overall numbers when compared to years previous,
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